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"Our Lord! Punish us not if we forget or fall into error, our Lord! Lay not on us a burden like that which You did lay on those before us; our Lord! Put not on us a burden greater than we have strength to bear. Pardon us and grant us Forgiveness. Have mercy on us. You are our Maula(Patron, Supporter and Protector, etc.) and give us victory over the disbelieving people." [Al-Qur'an 2:286]

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    • An Introduction to Islamic Finance

      Over the last few decades, the Muslims have been trying to restructure their lives on the basis of Islamic principles. They strongly feel that the political and economic dominance of the West, during past centuries, has deprived them of the divine guidance, especially in the socio-economic fields. Therefore, after acquiring political freedom, the masses are striving for the revival of their Islamic identity to organise their collective life in accordance with the Islamic teachings.  In the economic field, it was the biggest challenge for such Muslims to reform their financial institutions to bring them in harmony with the dictates of Shari‘ah. In an environment where the entire financial system was based on interest, it was a formidable task to structure the financial institutions on an interest free basis.  The people not conversant withthe principles of Shari‘ah and its economic philosophy sometimes believe that abolishing interest from the banks and financial  institutions would make them charitable, rather than commercial, concerns which offer financial services without a return.  Obviously, this is totally a wrong assumption. According to Shari‘ah, interest free loans are meant for cooperative and charitable activities, and not normally for commercial transactions, except in a very limited range. So far as commercial financing is concerned, the Islamic Shari‘ah has a different set-up for that purpose. The principle is that the person extending money to another person must decide whether he wishes tohelp the opposite party or he wants to share his profits. If he wants to help the borrower, he must rescind from any claim to any additional amount. His principal will be secured and guaranteed, but no return over and above the principal amount is legitimate. But if he is advancing money to share the profits earned by the other party, he can claim a stipulated proportion of profit actually earned by him, and must share his loss also, if he suffers a loss.  It is thus obvious that exclusion of interest from financial ctivities does not necessarily mean that the financier cannot earn a profit. If financing is meant for a commercial purpose, it can be based on the concept of profit and loss sharing, for which musharakahand mudarabahhave been designed since the very inception of the Islamic commercial law.  There are, however, some sectors where financing on the basis of musharakahor mudarabahis not workable or feasible for one reason or another. For such sectors the contemporary scholars have suggested some other instruments which can be used for the purpose of financing, like murabahah, ijarah, salamor istisna.  Since last two decades, these modes of financing are being used by the Islamic banks and financial institutions. But all these instruments are not the substitutes of interest in the strict sense, and it will be wrong to presume that they may be used exactly in the same fashion as interest is used. They have their own set of principles, philosophy and conditions without which it is not allowed in Shari‘ah to use them as modes of financing. Therefore the ignorance of their basic concept and relevant details may lead to confusing the Islamic financing with the conventional system based on interest.  The present book is a revised collection of my different articles that aimed at providing basic information about the principles and precepts of Islamic finance, with special reference to the modes of financing used by the Islamic banks and non-banking financial institutions. I have tried to explain the basic concept underlying these instruments, the necessary requirements for their acceptability from the Shari‘ah standpoint, and the correct method of their application. I have also dealt with the practical issues involved in the application of these instruments and their possible solutions in the light of Shari‘ah.  In my capacity as chairman  / member of the Shari‘ah Supervisory Boards of a number of Islamic banks in different parts of the world, I came across the points of weakness in their operations caused mainly by the lack of clear perception of the relevant rules and principles of Shari‘ah. This experience emphasized the need for the presentbook in which I have tried to discuss the relevant subject in a simple way which may be easily understood by a common reader whohad no opportunities to study the Islamic financial principles in depth.  This humble effort, I hope, will facilitate to understand the basic principles of Islamic finance and the main points of difference between conventional and Islamic banking. May Allah Ta‘ala accept this humble effort, honour it with His pleasure and make it beneficial for the readers.  Muhammad Taqi Usmani  Karachi  04.03.1419 A.H.  29.06.1998 A.D. 

Wednesday, 24 September 2014

Signs Before The Day of Judgement

CHAPTER - 1

AYAT AND AHADIT ABOUT THE HOUR

ALLAH - Subhanahu wa Ta'ala - Said:
"They ask thee about the Hour, 'When will be its appointed time?' Wherein art thou (concerned) with the declaration thereof? With thy Lord is the Limit fixed thereof. Thou art but a Warner for such as fear it. The Day they will see it, (it will be) as if they had tarried but a single eveneing, or (at most till) the following morn!" (an-Nazi'at at 79:42-46)

"They ask thee about the (final) Hour - when will be its appointed time? Say: 'The knowledge thereof is with my Lord(alone): none but He can reveal so to when it will occur. Heavy were its burden through the heavens and the earth. Only all of a suden will it come to you,' They ask thee as if thou were earger in search thereof: say: 'The knowledge thereof is with Allah (alone), but most men know not.'" (al-Araf 7:187)

Tehre are many Ayat and Ahadith concerning this subject: ALLAH said:
"The Hour (of Judgement) is nigh and the moon is cleft asunder." (al-Qamar 54:1)

The Prophet - sallallahu alayhi wa sallam - said, whilst pointing with his index and middle fingers, "The time of my advent adn the Hour are like these two fingers." 

In another report he said, 

"The hour almost come before me." This indicates how close we wre, relatively speaking, to the Hour.


By Imam Ibn Khathir


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